Archive for the ‘Pandemic’ Category

Thinking like a journalist…

Friday, November 20th, 2009

If you were a journalist and needed accurate, authoritative information about the flu, where would you go? Two different resources, it turns out, work well for both journalists and ESM/Disaster Science practicioners. Both offer well-researched and well-written overviews of the topic, in a layman-friendly fashion.

flu

CQ Researcher (available to the U of R community through Boatwright Memorial Library), offers a number of reports on topics dealing with the flu, including vaccine safety, emergency medicine, combating infectious diseases and, perhaps most relevant, one entitled, “Avian Flu Threat: Are we prepared for the next pandemic?” These reports are incredibly in-depth, giving the background, current situation and future outlook, as well as a bibliography, maps and charts, a chronology for the issue, and even contacts – people and groups who are SME’s on the material in question. My favorite part of a CQ Report, however, has to be the “Pro/Con” section, in which a question is asked relating to the topic. Two experts in the field, either from their testimony before Congress or in an essay written specifically for CQ, give their answer to the question. In the Avian Flu Threat report, for example, the question was, “Is there a serious risk of a human pandemic of avian flu?” The testimony of Michael T. Osterholm, Director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota before the House Committee on International Relations answers the “pro” side of the question; Michael Fumento of the Hudson Institute, writing expressly for CQ, answered the “con” side.


Another resource, similarly aimed at giving background information to journalists, is the Nieman Center for Journalism at Harvard. Their “Covering Pandemic Flu” page offers a treasure trove of information. There’s an introduction, which includes the definition and etymology of the word “pandemic”, and an overview of the science behind the hype; pandemic preparedness at multiple levels, from individual to global; essays on the press coverage of flu, from veteran reporters in various countries; crisis communications information from Communications Directors at WHO and CDC; and finally, a history, glossary and bibliography of pandemic influenza. All the information has been developed and vetted by the Nieman Foundation, although links to other relevant material are offered.


PLoS Influenza page

Monday, August 24th, 2009

It’s a conundrum of modern publishing – how to achieve the high standards of “peer-review” in a timely manner. This is a particularly important issue when it comes to public health topics.

Take H1N1, for instance. What is the best way to quickly disseminate authoritative information about the disease? PLoS (Public Library of Science), a leader in open-access, peer-reviewed publishing, to the rescue!

PLoS Currents: Influenza, which we are launching today, is built on three key components: a small expert research community that PLoS is working with to run the website; Google Knol with new features that allow content to be gathered together in collections after being vetted by expert moderators; and a new, independent database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) called Rapid Research Notes, where research targeted for rapid communication, such as the content in PLoS Currents: Influenza will be freely and permanently accessible. To ensure that researchers are properly credited for their work, PLoS Currents content will also be given a unique identifier by the NCBI so that it is citable.”

While the postings are not subject to the same rigorous peer-review process as formally published scientific journals use, “inappropriate” submissions are being screened out by two experts in the fields of microbiology and infectious disease. While many of the articles listed are focused specifically on the biology of the virus, other topics can be found here as well, such as “Swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus and ICU capacity in the US: Are we prepared?” and “Reducing influenza spreading over the airline network“, which uses different models to determine the most effective method for containing the spread of disease through air travel.

Frontloading

Friday, August 14th, 2009

I’m away next week, so I won’t be blogging, but this week has been a banner one for interesting items.

The National Library of Medicine maintains a collection of more than 30 environmental health websites under the auspices of the Environmental Health and Toxicology SIS (Specialized Information Services). Topics covered range from the specific (Health effects from the collapse of the World Trade Center) to the general (Tornadoes).  The links contained within each page vary, but most begin with a set of ‘Overview’ links, all from US Government sites, and then may go on to include links to glossaries, data and research sites, and law and policy. Almost all include links to specialized research from the National Library of Medicine’s databases, such as Pubmed, Toxline, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, ChemID Plus, Household Products Database, Tox Town and Medline Plus.

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

Monday, August 3rd, 2009

While we’re on the topic of open-source public health items, this special supplement to the AMA’s journal “Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness” (June 2009, Vol. 3) is freely available online. Article topics range from public policy (“National Strategy for Health Care System Preparedness”) to  Business Continuity (“Importance of Business Continuity in Health Care”) to NIMS (“Review of Hospital Preparedness Incidents to National Incident Management System Compliance”).

If you are interested in this topic and are a member of the University of Richmond community, you might want to check out our other Disaster Medicine journals, including the International Journal of Disaster Medicine, the Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine, and Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. As always, let me know if you have any troubles viewing the links, or want to do a more refined search for a topic in this area.

Using summer to prepare for a possible H1N1 outbreak on campus

Tuesday, July 14th, 2009

This article, from Inside Higher Ed, is a nice overview of how several colleges and universities are using the summer to better prepare for an outbreak of H1N1 on campus. Seeing this prompted me to investigate what our campus has done about H1N1, as Virginia is one of the handful of states with a recorded “widespread” outbreak.

This follows last month’s H1N1 Summit, hosted at the National Institutes of Health. I can’t seem to find an archived copy of the webcast, which was streamed live, but this blog post by J. Solomon (“In case of emergency, read blog…”) gives a great overview and links to video from several key speakers.

Swine Flu Resources Round-up

Thursday, May 28th, 2009

It’s been interesting to watch publishers open up their H1N1 articles and resources to the general public. (Disclaimer: I know that part is only interesting to me as a librarian.  But the question remains: Is the future of publishing a ‘hybrid’ open-source model? Hmmm….)

Here’s a summary:

  • Scientific American mainly sums up blog entries from the “60 Second Science” blog. But there’s also a detailed interview transcript with Dr. Chris Olsen, Director of the Olsen Laboratory, a veterinary medicine lab in Wisconsin where Influenza ‘A’ viruses are studied, and a link to the April 2009 cover story called, “How to Prevent the Next Pandemic” that describes the work of the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative.
  • The Lancet (a British medical journal) has also opened their pages:

“The Lancet’s H1N1 Resource Centre is the result of a collaborative effort by the editors of over 40 Elsevier-published journals and 11 learned societies who have agreed to make freely available on this site any relevant content. All papers have been selected by a Lancet editor, grouped by topic and fulltext pdfs made available to download free of charge.”

(If you haven’t seen an Elsevier price quote, you can’t appreciate the magnitude of this – Elsevier articles are notoriously expensive.)

Biographies of Disease: Influenza

Wednesday, May 13th, 2009

This title, from a set we’re collecting, caught my eye.

From the Series Foreward:

Every disease has a story to tell: about how it started long ago and began to disable or even take the lives of its innocent victims, about the way it hurts us, and about how we are trying to stop it. In this Biographies of Disease series, the authors tell the stories of the diseases that we have come to know and dread…

This is the biography of a disease, but it is also the story of real people who made incredible sacrifices to stop it in its tracks.”

The author of the Influenza volume, Roni K. Devlin, is a practicing physician with a sub-specialty in Infectious Diseases. She covers the topic of influenza in a way that is both thorough and engaging. Starting with an explanation of “germ theory”, six chapters detail everything from the makeup and discovery of the virus, the epidemiology of influenza, particularly how it relates to H5N1 (avian flu – remember this was published before swine flu became all the rage), to the pandemic of 1918. But this is not solely a history book (try “The Great Influenza” by John M. Barry, or “Flu” by Gina Kolata for that). The last three chapters detail the clinical ‘manifestations’ of the flu, methods of diagnosis, future research possibilities, and prevention and treatment options.

In addition, this slim volume is replete with tables, illustrations, and other useful details, including a timeline going back to Hippocrates, a glossary, and a bibiliography with many references to online resources. Swine flu merits a fairly long entry in the index. Altogether, this is an accessible but scholarly resource. It’s Library of Congress Subject Heading is “Influenza–History–Popular Works”, but that doesn’t begin to touch the science detailed in it. Check it out!

Virginia Emergency Operations Plans link

Thursday, May 7th, 2009

From the VDEM newsletter:

Gov. Tim Kaine has approved the Commonwealth of Virginia Emergency Operations Plan Pandemic Influenza Incident Annex VI, now available at http://www.vaemergency.com/library/plans/index.cfm. The annex represents nearly two years of collaboration with many state agencies and provides guidance for non-medical response operations in Virginia to a pandemic influenza event.

Swine Flu meta-pages

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

Between last year’s energy crisis, the bad economic news and the Tri-Delts walking into the library in their hippy-chick summer dresses, it’s like we’re back to the 70’s. And now, swine flu…

 

Dr. Joe Bresee, CDC Influenza Division

Several librarians have put together ‘meta’ pages of resources relating to the outbreak (not yet an official pandemic or even an epidemic), so I won’t try to re-invent the wheel.

Chris Childs, at the University of Iowa’s Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, has put together a Libguide page of Swine Flu information. (This is the type of guide we’ll be moving to for our subject research guides over the summer, so if you are a user of my ESM Research Guide, this is what you’ll see in the fall. Good stuff.)

The National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes for Health run Medline, a comprehensive public health database. The Swine Flu page here has a lot of CDC information, but also links to refereed (peer-reviewed) articles from the Pubmed database. They have also compiled a “Specialized Information Services” page on the environmental health and toxicology aspects of the flu.

 
View H1N1 Swine Flu in a larger map

This report, from a commercial investment research analysis company, compares this outbreak to SARS and other influenza outbreaks, and focuses on the [possible] economic effects of this particular flu.

Finally, I’ve referenced this site before, so I’ll reference it again: the CDC has a great “Pandemic Influenza” site that links to many resources for planning for and dealing with an outbreak. 

Stay well out there. Let’s keep this in the category of “live drill” rather than “real thing”. Wash your hands, don’t touch your face, stay home if you are sick…

Hospital Evacuations

Wednesday, April 8th, 2009

Today’s story should be an earthquake one, given the recent events in Italy, but this story was an interesting link between the flooding in ND and the disaster unfolding in L’Aquila. The WHO marked World Health Day by focusing on the theme of “Safe Hospitals Save Lives”. More information on their “Safe Hospitals” initiative, including information on the “Hospital Safety Index,” case studies, and a photo gallery, can be found here.

This Propublica story lauds the preparedness of the Fargo and Moorehead hospitals and nursing homes. They were able to evacuate between 500 and 600 residents safely, in an orderly and timely fashion. Voice of America’s story relating to this makes the connection explicitly.

And if you happen to be interested in this topic, the Central United States Earthquake Consortium (who knew?) is offering a free class onDisaster Medicine 201:  Post-Earthquake Medical Challenges in the New Madrid Seismic Zone”, May7-8 at the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center in Memphis, TN.

“This class is a big-picture overview of medical issues related to the earthquake threat in the New Madrid Seismic Zone.  It was developed through the cooperation of CUSEC and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  The class is presented with the invaluable assistance of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center.  The primary instructors are doctors with extensive backgrounds in emergency and disaster medicine.”

Actually, the New Madrid Fault Line has a long history of causing trouble in this part of the country (although it’s been quiet of late); an excellent book on that topic is “When the Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes“, by Jay Feldman. Dr. Walter Green includes it in his “50 Books” for Emergency Services Management list.

(2007-08) Feldman, Jay; When The Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes; [book]; New York, New York, United States of America; Free Press; 2005.

Studies of disasters often focus on the technical issues of the disaster itself, and occasionally on the immediate political and social fallout of the event.  Feldman has written a book that takes the series of New Madrid earthquakes and puts them in two other contexts.  At the macro level he recounts the relationship of the earthquake in the much larger context of the American frontier, examining its interplay with Tecumseh’s campaign against United States expansion into Native American tribal lands.  On the micro level, he examines the relationship of the disaster to the murder of a slave by two of Thomas Jefferson’s nephews, and to the eventual downfall of their family.   The result is an interesting read that broadens your understanding of the New Madrid earthquakes and of the time in which they occurred.

Finally, this article,  “Counting Crises: US Hospital Evacuations, 1971-1999,” (available to U of R students in print or through our delivery service to distance education students), from the journal Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, investigates:

“the relative distribution of hazards causing hospital evacuations, thereby to provide rudimentary risk information for hospital disaster planning. “

[Hat tip to Cindy Love, at the Disaster Information Management Research Center, National Library of Medicine, for the idea for this post and many of the links.]