2009 Hurricane Season Wrap Party

November 24th, 2009

It’s been a quiet one, with H1N1 taking all the news space this season. National Geographic details why this hurricane season has been so Pacific-focused in a great article here.

With U of R alumni (and former “Leader-in-Residence” at the Jepson School) Leland Melvin serving as a mission specialist on this shuttle flight, I couldn’t help but mention NASA’s great online database of hurricane and typhoon images and information. With everything from current storm outlooks to educator resources to 3-D views of historic storms, it’s a fantastic resource.

(far left) Spider Leland Melvin

Thinking like a journalist…

November 20th, 2009

If you were a journalist and needed accurate, authoritative information about the flu, where would you go? Two different resources, it turns out, work well for both journalists and ESM/Disaster Science practicioners. Both offer well-researched and well-written overviews of the topic, in a layman-friendly fashion.

flu

CQ Researcher (available to the U of R community through Boatwright Memorial Library), offers a number of reports on topics dealing with the flu, including vaccine safety, emergency medicine, combating infectious diseases and, perhaps most relevant, one entitled, “Avian Flu Threat: Are we prepared for the next pandemic?” These reports are incredibly in-depth, giving the background, current situation and future outlook, as well as a bibliography, maps and charts, a chronology for the issue, and even contacts – people and groups who are SME’s on the material in question. My favorite part of a CQ Report, however, has to be the “Pro/Con” section, in which a question is asked relating to the topic. Two experts in the field, either from their testimony before Congress or in an essay written specifically for CQ, give their answer to the question. In the Avian Flu Threat report, for example, the question was, “Is there a serious risk of a human pandemic of avian flu?” The testimony of Michael T. Osterholm, Director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota before the House Committee on International Relations answers the “pro” side of the question; Michael Fumento of the Hudson Institute, writing expressly for CQ, answered the “con” side.


Another resource, similarly aimed at giving background information to journalists, is the Nieman Center for Journalism at Harvard. Their “Covering Pandemic Flu” page offers a treasure trove of information. There’s an introduction, which includes the definition and etymology of the word “pandemic”, and an overview of the science behind the hype; pandemic preparedness at multiple levels, from individual to global; essays on the press coverage of flu, from veteran reporters in various countries; crisis communications information from Communications Directors at WHO and CDC; and finally, a history, glossary and bibliography of pandemic influenza. All the information has been developed and vetted by the Nieman Foundation, although links to other relevant material are offered.


Disaster Fastlinks

November 17th, 2009

The Learning Resource Center (aka “the library”) at the U.S. Fire Administration has a treasure trove of research tools for disaster scientists and emergency services managers. (More to come, I promise!) I couldn’t resist giving a sneak peek of one of their tools I was able to make immediate use of.

Significant Disasters/Fires/Incidents

In five different topic areas (Earthquakes, Fires, Hurricanes, Terrorist Incidents and ‘Other Disasters‘), links are given to US Fire Administration LRC items on a given topic. For instance, the Hurricanes page lists 11 hurricanes, covering the span of this century, and links to a number of journal articles, proceedings, reports, government documents and books on each individual storm. Many of the journal articles are not indexed elsewhere, or are indexed only in highly specialized databases, so having the citations collected together like this makes searching a breeze.* The topics, while not entirely comprehensive for every US disaster (and certainly not for international ones!), are specific enough to be truly useful.

Check it out, and look for more information on the US Fire Administration library’s resources in a future post.

*(Sorry for the lame hurricane pun. I couldn’t help myself!)

Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness

November 11th, 2009

The back cover of this new book from CRC Press claims it contains, “All the Essential Information Needed to Build an Effective Response.” As the book weighs in at just more than 250 pages (inclusive of index and notes), I was a tad skeptical. However…

In 9 brief chapters and an epilogue, experts from fields as diverse as public health, homeland security and veterinary medicine give overviews of the history, clinical aspects, local and federal responses, and even business continuity and ‘fatality management’ planning. Packed with references, tables and even pictures, the book could serve as a textbook (the preface actually contains a list of “Primary Learning Objectives”) or a reference for emergency managers, planners or public health professionals. While technically grounded, the authors manages to keep the book readable even for the generalist.

New CRS Report: Public Safety Communications and Spectrum Resources: Policy Issues for Congress October 14, 2009

November 6th, 2009

This just in, courtesy of Open CRS:

http://opencrs.com/document/R40859/2009-10-14/download/1013/

Effective emergency response is dependent on wireless communications. To minimize communications failures during and after a crisis requires ongoing improvements in emergency communications capacity and capability. The availability of radio frequency spectrum is considered essential to developing a modern, interoperable communications network for public safety. Equally critical is building the radio network to use this spectrum. Opinions diverge, however, on such issues as how much spectrum should be made available for the network, who should own it, who should build it, who should operate it, who should be allowed to use it, and how it might be paid for. As a consequence, nascent planning for a national network is incomplete and some state and local network plans have been delayed. To resolve the debate and move the planning process forward, Congress may decide to pursue oversight or change existing law. Actions proposed to Congress include (1) authorizing the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to reassign spectrum and (2) changing requirements for the use of spectrum auction proceeds. In particular, legislation in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171), as amended, might be modified. This law mandated the termination of analog television broadcasting and the release of those channels for other uses, including public safety. The act identified the frequencies from the analog television channels that were to be auctioned by the FCC. It also created a trust fund that set aside part of the auction proceeds for a number of programs, with the balance destined for the U.S. Treasury. Among the programs receiving funds from the trust fund was a billion-dollar program for grants to public safety, the Public Safety Interoperable Communications (PSIC) grant program. Under the law, states have until FY2010 to draw down these funds. Bills that would extend the deadline to the end of FY2012 have been introduced in the House and Senate. Alternative proposals on how to assign spectrum for public safety use have been presented to the FCC and to Congress. To build the needed network requires coordination at many levels: developing the network concept, identifying a governance structure that assures the network is built and maintained, and funding capital and operating costs. Many believe that empowering leadership and identifying funding sources should ideally be resolved before the final decision is reached about spectrum allocation. There is an opportunity for two transformative changes in policy: for public safety communications and for spectrum management. As old technologies give way to mobile Internet access, changes in spectrum management are required to accommodate new wireless technologies. For the public safety community to incorporate these new technologies into emergency communications would require a change in stakeholders’ planning goals. The interaction between spectrum policy and homeland security policy might be changed through the planning and execution of an interoperable network for public safety. Congress has recognized the value of using Internet protocols for IP-based networks for 911 communications, by supporting the transition of out-dated 911 systems to IP-based technologies. Congress has not previously considered giving the same attention to the adoption of IP-based technologies for public safety radio communications. Congress might provide leadership and resources that can bring a nationwide, interoperable network for public safety from concept to reality.

Open CRS, a project of the Center for Democracy & Technology,  attempts to pull together all available Congressional Research Service Reports in one easily accessible website. Lots of great information here.

Landslide Handbook

September 30th, 2009

Here’s a rather random post, on a day when Tsunamis and Earthquakes are in the news.

The USGS has published an online handbook “intended to be a resource for people affected by landslides to acquire further knowledge about the conditions that are unique to their neighborhoods and communities.” And, maybe, a resource for those of us who know nothing about landslides and their effects.

Disaster DVDs from National Archives

September 15th, 2009

(I need a tag for this item called “not-sure-how-I-feel-about-this”)

In case you don’t get enough storm stories from the Weather Channel’s “When Weather Changed History” series, the National Archives has produced a boxed set of DVDs, available at your local Sam’s Club or Costco:

Washington, DC…The National Archives announces the release of Natural Disasters, the first collection in a new series of boxed DVD sets entitled Our Planet Earth. Produced in partnership with Topics Entertainment, Our Planet Earth will focus on the preservation and conservation of our natural resources and the protection of our environment. The series will feature motion pictures created by the Bureau of Land Management, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Selected by film archivists from the National Archives vast motion picture holdings, Natural Disasters chronicles some of the world’s most devastating earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, forest fires, and volcanoes—random acts of nature that have altered the world’s economy, threatened and disrupted millions of earth’s inhabitants, cost thousands of human lives, and at times changed the course of history. Also recounted are the heroic efforts of relief workers to return cities to normal and the attempts of local governments to better prepare for future events.

Included among the gripping documentaries are:

  • Loma Prieta Earthquake (1989), an examination of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake that destroyed the Oakland Bay Bridge and the Cypress Street Viaduct and disrupted the World Series.
  • Day of the Killer Tornadoes (1978), the story of 147 deadly tornadoes that swept across Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama, and other states in a 24-hour period.
  • A Hurricane Called Betsy (1966), which recounts Hurricane Betsy’s 3,000-mile trip from the Caribbean through the Bahamas, Miami, the Florida Keys, and along the Gulf Coast to New Orleans and Baton Rouge.
  • Eruption of Mt. St. Helens (1980–81), featuring reenactments, personal recollections, and narration of the historic eruption of Mt. St. Helens.
  • The Plow that Broke the Plains (1936), a classic film about the Dust Bowl that includes a climactic dust storm sequence in which day suddenly becomes night and the landscape changes from moment to moment.

Seeing the tag line, “24 Intense Films” gave me pause – I don’t think it’ll be on the Christmas list for our 7-year old budding meteorologist, much as he would probably enjoy them….

Search and Rescue throughout history

September 10th, 2009

American Heritage magazine features an interesting article, “Heavy Rescue”, describing the history of search and rescue, and looking into the future.

The article covers both the improvements in technology and management of crises such as building collapse over time. This description of search and rescue operations in London during WW2 caught my attention, for instance:

Out of such chaos came timeless lessons in crisis management. Quickly discovering that a major collapse would turn out any number of local and regional units who sometimes began arguing over the next steps, British authorities invented the role of the “new incident officer,” typically an air-raid warden with good judgment who knew the neighborhood. After filing an initial report, he would set up a portable desk complete with blank forms. The desk flew a blue flag and also mounted a blue battery-powered lamp for night work. The incident officer wore a blue cloth cover on his hard hat. To all other emergency personnel arriving, the blue meant “check here before doing anything,” thus prioritizing critical tasks and preventing one team’s work from endangering another’s. One of the most important jobs—neglected by amateurs —was to fan out through the neighborhood to gather information on how many people might be trapped below. Without such information, rescue parties were sure to waste their efforts. Similar systemization can still be seen today at some emergency sites, where the incident commander works from a portable desk unfolded from the rear of his vehicle … often sporting a green or blue lamp.

The author, James R. Chiles, is also the author of Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the Edge of Technology. The review from Publisher’s Weekly: “In a book that is much more than a litany of disaster and tips on survival, Chiles also offers fascinating, detailed analyses of “system fractures” chains of events yielding catastrophes.” If you are a U of R student or faculty member, take advantage of our distance education delivery service and have the book sent to you.

GAO report on post-disaster collaboration

September 8th, 2009

This item came to my attention a while ago (it was first published in July 2009), but I finally got a minute to actually look at it.

DISASTER RECOVERY
Experiences from Past Disasters Offer Insights for Effective Collaboration after Catastrophic Events

Highlights of GAO-09-811, a report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate

In the wake of the 2005 Gulf Coast Hurricanes, coordination and collaboration challenges created obstacles during the government’s response and recovery efforts. Because of the many stakeholders involved in recovery, including all levels of government, it is critical to build collaborative relationships. Building on GAO’s September 2008 report which provided several key recovery practices from past  catastrophic disasters, this report presents examples of how federal, state, and local governments have effectively collaborated in the past. GAO reviewed five catastrophic disasters—the Loma Prieta  earthquake (California, 1989), Hurricane Andrew (Florida, 1992), the Northridge earthquake (California, 1994), the Kobe earthquake (Japan, 1995), and the Grand Forks/Red River flood (North Dakota and Minnesota, 1997)—to identify recovery lessons. GAO interviewed officials involved in the recovery from these disasters and experts on disaster recovery. GAO also reviewed relevant legislation, policies, and the disaster recovery literature.

What GAO Recommends
GAO recommends the Secretary of Homeland Security direct the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) to create a mechanism focused on sharing information and lessons learned regarding disaster recovery, including good collaborative practices. The Department of Homeland Security concurred with our recommendation.

The idea of looking for ‘lessons learned’ across a different types of disasters struck me as interesting. We tend to see research done on the after-effects of hurricanes, for example, but why shouldn’t there be lessons for emergency planners in all types of disaster recoveries?

Mapping H1N1

August 26th, 2009

We seem to be on a roll here, with open-source publishing and web 2.0 technologies being co-opted by “authoritative” sources. This latest case connects Healthmap.org, with the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine. Working together, they have developed an interactive map charting H1N1 cases and deaths as reported by the media. Although they have stopped tracking reports from “official” sources such as the CDC and WHO, hovering over any incident shows the media link, even when the report is not in English, so you can check the authority of the report yourself.

One of the most interesting features is the ability to track the progression of the virus, on a date range and map level that you specify. There is also a listing of the most current H1N1 news.